ADHD Linked to Higher Mortality Rates, But Medication May Reduce Risk

A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis led by researchers from University College London (UCL) and the University of Liverpool has found that individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) face significantly higher mortality rates, but medication may help mitigate these risks.

The study, published in the journal JAMA Network Open, analyzed data from 19 observational studies encompassing nearly 16 million participants across three continents over extended periods, with some tracking subjects for more than 20 years.

The researchers discovered that individuals diagnosed with ADHD experienced a 70% higher all-cause mortality rate compared to those without the diagnosis. Specifically, death rates from suicide were 90% higher among people with ADHD, while mortality from injuries—both intentional and accidental—was elevated by 55%. Natural causes accounted for a 27% increase in mortality.

Lead senior author Professor Joshua Stott from the UCL Division of Psychology and Language Sciences noted that the findings underscore wide-ranging health disparities associated with the condition. "ADHD is not necessarily a condition that shortens life; with appropriate support and treatment, people with ADHD can live long and healthy lives," Stott stated, emphasizing the critical need for accurate diagnosis and accessible care across all age groups.

Co-author Lucy Corrigan from the University of Liverpool added that preliminary evidence suggests medications may play an essential role in supporting health outcomes for individuals with ADHD, though further research is warranted. Senior author Dr. Amber John highlighted that equitable access to evidence-based assessment and long-term care is vital to ensure that individuals coping with ADHD can overcome lifelong challenges and maintain long-term well-being.